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List of republics
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Everything about List Of Republics totally explainedList of republics is a list of countries or states governed as a republic.
For Antiquity (or later in the case of societies that didn't refer to a Western terminology to qualify their form of government) the assessment of whether a state organisation is a republic is an analysis by retrospect, left to the discretion of historians and political theorists.
For more recent systems of government worldwide organisations with a broad political acceptance, like the United Nations, can provide information on whether or not a sovereign state is referred to as a republic.
List of Republics by Period
Antiquity
Middle Ages and Renaissance
San Marino (301 – present)
Amalfi (839 – 1131)
Venice (c. 9th century - 1797)
Iceland (930 – 1262)
Pisa (11th century – 1406, 1494 – 1509)
Genoa (c. 1100 - 1797)
Florence (1115 - 1537)
Novgorod Republic (1136 – 1478)
Lucca (1160 – 1805)
Siena (1167 – 1557)
Old Swiss Confederacy (1291 - 1798)
Ragusa (14th century – 1808)
Pskov Republic (1348 - 1510)
Holy Roman Empire from Maximilian I (1508 - 1806)
Netherlands (1581 – 1795)
Early Modern
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (1569 - 1795)
Goust (1648 - )
Commonwealth of England (1649 - 1660)
Corsican Republic (1755 - 1769)
Vermont Republic (1777 - 1791)
United States of America (1787 - Present)
First French Republic (1792 - 1804)
Helvetic Republic (1798 - 1802)
State of Muskogee (1799 - 1803)
19th Century
Swiss Confederation (1803 - 1815)
Confederation of the Rhine (1806 - 1813)
Haiti (1806 - 1849; restored 1859)
Duchy of Warsaw (1807 - 1813)
Free City of Danzig (1807 - 1814)
West Florida (1810)
Paraguay (1811 - present)
Free City of Krakow (1815 - 1846)
Argentina (1816 - present)
Chile (1818 - present)
Colombia (1819 - present)
Federal Republic of Central America (1823 - 1840)
Mexico (1824 - present)
Peru (1824 - present)
Bolivia (1825 - present)
Uruguay (1828 - present)
Venezuela (1830 - present)
Ecuador (1830 - present)
Republic of Texas (1836 - 1845)
Second French Republic (1842 - 1852)
California Republic (1846)
Menton and Roquebrune (1848 - 1861)
Republic of Ezo (1868-1869)
Tavolara (1886 - 1899)
Franceville (1889)
Republic of Hawaii (1894 - 1898)
Republic of Formosa (1895)
Greater Republic of Central America (1896 - 1898)
Republic of Crete (1898 - 1913)
Republic of Acre (1st: 1899 - 1900; 2nd: 1900; 3rd: 1903)
20th Century and Later
Panama (est. 1903)
Albania (est. 1946)
Algeria (est. 1962)
Afghanistan (est. 1973)
List of Republics by Type
In modern usage, a republican form of government is applied loosely to any state which claims this designation. So for example the Dominican Republic under Rafael Trujillo is considered a republic, as is the Republic of Iraq under Saddam Hussein and the The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics under Joseph Stalin. The Kingdom of Sweden (which in 2006 ranked highest in the Economist's index of democracy) isn't a republic, but the Democratic People's Republic of North Korea (which ranks lowest in the same survey) is.
Unitary republics
Unitary republics are unitary states which are governed constitutionally as one single unit, with a single constitutionally created legislature.
Acre (1st: 1899-1900; 2nd: 1900; 3rd: 1903)
Afghanistan (republic since 1973)
Albania (since 1946)
Algeria
Bangladesh
Benin
Bolivia
Botswana
Bulgaria (since 1946)
Burkina Faso
Burundi (since 1966)
Cameroon (unitary republic 1960-1961 and 1972-present; federal republic 1961-1972)
Cape Verde
Central African Republic (1958-1976; restored 1979)
Chad
Chile
People's Republic of China
Colombia (unitary republic since 1886)
Congo (Brazzaville)
Congo (Kinshasa)
Corsica (1755-1769)
Costa Rica
Côte d'Ivoire
Crete (1898-1913)
Croatia
Cuba
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Djibouti
Dominica
Dominican Republic (1801-1861, 1865-present)
East Timor
Ecuador
Egypt (since 1953)
El Salvador (1821-present)
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Estonia (1921-1940; 1991-present)
Ezo (1868-1869)
Fiji Islands (since 1987)
Finland
Formosa (1895)
former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
Franceville (1889)
French Republic (1st: 1792-1804; 2nd: 1848-1852; 3rd: 1870-1940; 4th: 1945-1958 and 5th, since 1958)
Gabon
Gambia (since 1970)
Georgia
Ghana (since 1960)
Goust (since 1648)
Greece (1st: 1822–1832; 2nd: 1924-1935; 3rd: since 1974)
Guatemala
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Guyana (since 1970) is a "Co-operative Republic"
Haiti (1806-1849; restored 1859)
Republic of Hawaii (1894-1898)
Honduras
Hungary (since 1946)
Iceland (republic since 1944)
Indonesia (Unitary republic since August 1950)
India (since 1950)
Iran (since 1979)
Iraq (since 1958)
Ireland (republic since 1949)
Israel (since 1948)
Italian Social Republic (1943 - 1945)
Italy (since 1946)
Kazakhstan
Kenya (since 1964)
Kiribati
Kyrgyzstan
Laos (since 1975)
Latvia
Lebanon
Liberia
Libya (since 1969)
Lithuania
Lokot Republic (1941-1943)
Madagascar
Malawi (since 1966)
Maldives (since 1968)
Mali (since 1960)
Malta (since 1974)
Marshall Islands
Mauritania
Mauritius (since 1992)
Menton and Roquebrune (1848-1861)
Moldova
Mongolia (since 1924)
Montenegro (since 1944)
Mozambique
Muskogee (1799-1803)
Namibia
Nauru
Nicaragua
Niger
North Korea (since 1948)
Pakistan (since 1956)
Palau
Panama
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
Poland
Portugal (since 1910)
Rhodesia (1970-1979)
Romania (since 1947)
Rwanda (since 1961)
Samoa (since 2007)
San Marino (since 301) qualifies itself as the "Most Serene Republic"
São Tomé and Príncipe
Senegal
Serbia (since 1944)
Seychelles
Sierra Leone (since 1971)
Singapore (since 1965)
Slovak Republic (1939–1945)
Slovakia
Slovenia
Somalia
South Africa (since 1961)
South Korea (since 1948)
Spain (Twice: First Spanish Republic (1873–1874), Second Spanish Republic (1931-1939))
Sri Lanka (since 1972)
Sudan
Suriname
Syria
Republic of China (Taiwan)
Tajikistan
Tanzania
Tavolara (1886-1899)
Texas (1836-1845)
Togo
Trinidad and Tobago (since 1976)
Tunisia (since 1957)
Turkey (republic since 1923)
Turkmenistan
Uganda (since 1963)
Ukraine
Uruguay is the "Eastern Republic".
Uzbekistan
Vanuatu
Vermont Republic (1777 - 1791)
Vietnam
West Florida (1810)
Yemen
Zambia
Zimbabwe
Federal republics
Federal republics are federal states in which the administrative divisions (states or provinces) theoretically retain a degree of autonomy which is constitutionally protected, and can't be revoked unilaterally by the national government.
Argentina (since 1852)
Austria
Brazil (since November 15th, 1889)
Bosnia and Herzegovina (since 1995)
Federal Republic of Cameroon (1961-1972)
Commonwealth of England (1649-1653)
Czechoslovakia (1969-1992)
Ethiopia (unitary republic 1974-1994; federal republic since 1994)
Germany (since 1918)
Republic of Colombia (1819-1886), known as Great Colombia from 1819 to 1831, when it included present-day Ecuador, Venezuela, and Panama.
India (since January 26, 1950)
United States of Indonesia (1945-1950)
Mexico (since 1917)
Nepal (since December 28, 2007)
Nigeria (1963-66:1st Republic, 1979-83: 2nd Republic, 1993: 3rd Republic, 1999-present: 4th Republic)
Pakistan (since March 23, 1956); Declaration of the Islamic Republic
Russian Federation (1917, as RSFSR-present)
Soviet Union (1922-1991))
Swiss Confederation (since 1848)
Union of Myanmar
United Provinces of Central America (1823-1840)
United States of America (since 1789)
Venezuela<
Yugoslavia (1945-2003)
Confederal republics
Confederal republics are associations of sovereign states, usually having power over critical common issues such as defence and foreign affairs:
Confederate States of America (1861 - 1865)
Serbia and Montenegro (2003 – 2006)
Switzerland (circa 1291 - 1848, except for the Helvetic Republic phase, 1798 - 1803)
United States (under the Articles of Confederation, 1776 – 1789)
United Pakistan (Old Pakistan) (Unofficial) (1962 - 1970)
Egypt
Syria is the "Arab Republic" reflecting its theoretically pan-Arab Ba'athist government.
Yemen
Republics governed in accordance with Islamic law:
Afghanistan
Islamic Republic of Pakistan (since 1970)
Islamic Republic of Iran (since Iranian Revolution)
Islamic Republic of Mauritania
These are republics which use the word "democratic" in their official name. Their actual political systems can vary considerably.
People's Democratic Republic of Algeria
Democratic Republic of Congo
East Timor
Ethiopia
German Democratic Republic (1949-1990)
Laos
North Korea
São Tomé and Príncipe
Sri Lanka
These are republics which use the word "socialist" in their official name.
Albania (1976-1990)
Libya
Sri Lanka
Vietnam
Romania (1965-1989)
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1945–1992)
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (1922–1991)
Meant to be governed by the people, this name is most often (but not always) used by communist states.
People's Democratic Republic of Algeria
Bangladesh
People's Republic of China
Laos
North Korea
Libya
Former People's Republics:
Hungary (1949–1989)
Mongolia (1924–1992)
Albania (1946–1976)
Bulgaria (1946–1990)
Romania (1947–1965)
Poland (1952–1989)
South Yemen (1967–1970)
Benin (1975–1990)
Congo (1970–1992)
Mozambique (1975–1990)
Angola (1975–1992)
Ethiopia (1987–1991)
Candy (1993–2006) Further Information
Get more info on 'List Of Republics'.
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